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This paper studies the economic effects of legal amendments on different types of labor laws. We examine the effects of amendments to labor dispute laws, and amendments to job security legislation. We also identify the effects of legal amendments related to the most contentious regulation of all: Chapter Vb of the Industrial Disputes Act, which stipulates that firms with 100 or more employees cannot retrench workers without government authorization. We find that laws that increase job security or increase the cost of labor disputes substantially reduce registered sector employment and output but do not increase the labor share. Labor-intensive industries, such as textiles, are the hardest hit by laws that increase job security while capital-intensive industries are most affected by higher labor dispute resolution costs. We also find that the widespread and increasing use of contract labor may have brought some output and employment gains but did not make up for the adverse effects of job security and dispute resolution laws.
This report describes the law of twelve nations and the European Union on whether the government, pursuant to a court order or other government process, can require companies to decrypt encrypted communications or provide the government with the mean...
The pre-transition industrial structure in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union was primarily driven by a raw material base, influenced by central planning decisions and rarely based on comparative advantage considerations. In the Soviet Union ...
This report describes the law of twenty jurisdictions on the right to education, and whether the right appears in the national constitution or in statutory law. The jurisdictions selected for review have different constitutional arrangements and refl...
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