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In Egypt, free access to the justice system and legal aid are constitutional rights. This concept can be found in various legislative instruments across the legislative spectrum, including the Criminal Procedures Code, Family Law, Child (Juvenile) Law, Human Trafficking Law, and Advocacy Law. The Supreme Court of Egypt, the Court of Cassation, affirmed this principle in its rulings.The court system demonstrates free access to the justice system and legal aid. The right to free legal counsel is mandatory before criminal courts. In family courts, legal assistance offices and dispute settlement offices provide free legal aid services. Similarly, in courts of first instance and labor courts, legal aid offices provide legal assistance and advice to women who are victims of violence, and to labor litigants. Child courts also require use of a special panel (with a specified composition) and special trial proceedings to ensure free legal assistance and effective legal representation. Law clinics, a relatively recent addition, provide free legal assistance as well. Lack of quality legal education, insufficient professional training for lawyers, reluctance to provide pro bono services, the poor quality of representation provided by court-appointed lawyers, and a shortage of law clinics are named by observers as challenges that need to be addressed.
This report examines the emerging regulatory and policy landscape surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) in jurisdictions around the world and in the European Union (EU). In addition, a survey of international organizations describes the approach t...
This report, prepared by foreign law specialists and analysts of the Law Library of Congress, offers a review of laws regulating the collection of intelligence in the European Union (EU) and selected EU Member States, namely Belgium, France, Germany,...
The Law Library of Congress has previously produced two major multinational reports related to the regulation of cryptocurrencies. The first, published in January 2014, surveyed statements issued by government authorities regarding Bitcoin and simila...
This study contributes to the literature on legal institutions and determinants of adult mortality. The paper explores the relationship between the presence of domestic violence legislation and women-to-men adult mortality rates. Using panel data for...
This report surveys the laws of eight democratic foreign jurisdictions with respect to whether there are special laws concerning children asylum-seekers, particularly unaccompanied children. Covered jurisdictions include the countries of Australia, C...
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