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In Egypt, free access to the justice system and legal aid are constitutional rights. This concept can be found in various legislative instruments across the legislative spectrum, including the Criminal Procedures Code, Family Law, Child (Juvenile) Law, Human Trafficking Law, and Advocacy Law. The Supreme Court of Egypt, the Court of Cassation, affirmed this principle in its rulings.The court system demonstrates free access to the justice system and legal aid. The right to free legal counsel is mandatory before criminal courts. In family courts, legal assistance offices and dispute settlement offices provide free legal aid services. Similarly, in courts of first instance and labor courts, legal aid offices provide legal assistance and advice to women who are victims of violence, and to labor litigants. Child courts also require use of a special panel (with a specified composition) and special trial proceedings to ensure free legal assistance and effective legal representation. Law clinics, a relatively recent addition, provide free legal assistance as well. Lack of quality legal education, insufficient professional training for lawyers, reluctance to provide pro bono services, the poor quality of representation provided by court-appointed lawyers, and a shortage of law clinics are named by observers as challenges that need to be addressed.
This report, prepared by the staff of the Global Legal Research Directorate of the Law Library of Congress, surveys laws regulating the mandatory legal deposit of electronic materials. Fifteen countries representing different approaches to collecting...
In 2012, the Law Library of Congress issued two reports reviewing how the right to personal data protection and the right to privacy on the web are regulated by the European Union and in twelve individual countries with highly developed digital infra...
This report describes the law and policy on refugees and other asylum seekers in twenty-two geographically dispersed countries and, at the supranational level, in the European Union (EU). The individual surveys cover such topics as participation in r...
How does the lack of legitimacy of property rights affect the dynamics of the creation of the rule of law? We investigate the demand for the rule of law in post-Communist economies after privatization under the assumption that theft is possible, that...
Many governments have spent much of the past decade trying to extend a helping hand to informal businesses by making it easier and cheaper for them to formalize. Much less effort has been devoted to raising the costs of remaining informal, through in...
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