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Laws evolve as societies do. To be relevant and effective, laws have to keep pace with global changes and with changes within the particular societies to which they apply. Investment laws are no exception. This “Handbook on Investment Law,” a welcome contribution prepared by the World Bank Group, shows the evolution of the field, some 20 years after the publication of the “Legal Treatment of Foreign Investment: World Bank Guidelines,” developed by the late Ibrahim Shihata, and published in 1993. Since the early 1990s, norms and standards of, and investors’ expectations from, investment climates have evolved around the world. The present handbook, written for policymakers, advisors, and practitioners, captures many of those changes and weaves them within guidelines based on well-tested good practices seen across economies at different levels of development over the last few decades.
Fiscal responsibility laws are institutions with which multiple governments in the same economy—national and subnational—can commit to help avoid irresponsible fiscal behavior that could have short-term advantages to one of them but that ...
We can safely say that Milton Friedman’s words, that the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits, no longer apply today (Friedman 1970). A change in attitude has occurred since the 1970s with regard to the role of business,...
Gender-based employment segregation refers to the unequal distribution of female and male workers across and within job types. Segregation can be horizontal, with women and men concentrating in different sectors, industries, occupations, types of pro...
The concept of authentication has been around for a long time in many forms. For example ‘due diligence’ in commerce has traditionally been formalised to determine whether the data presented in commercial propositions are accurate and com...
Attacks against journalists appear to be on the rise recently in countries around the world. These include attacks allegedly directed by governments or politicians, as well as by individuals displeased with their own media coverage or generally ...
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